Manual therapy combined with posterior percutaneous endoscopic cervical decompression for the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of manual therapy combined with posterior percutaneous endoscopic cervical decompression(PECD) in the treatment of intractable cervical spondylotic radiculopathy.@*METHODS@#From May 2016 to May 2018, 23 CSR patients who responded poorly to conservative treatment for at least 6 weeks underwent the combination management. Firstly, the patients received the posterior percutaneous endoscopic cervical decompression routine care for the following 4 weeks and manual therapy for another 4 weeks. A total of 23 patients were followed up, including 14 males and 9 females, the age ranged from 29 to 78 years old with an average of (50.30±12.28) years, the course of disease was 3 to 24 months with an average of (9.74±5.76) months. The lesion segment involved C4,5 in 4 cases, C5,6 in 13 cases, C6,7 in 6 cases. The visual analogue scale (VAS), neck disability index (NDI), changes of cervical physiological curvature and interbody stability, adverse events were observed before and after operation. The follow-up time points were before operation, 1 day after operation and 1, 3 and 6 months after operation.@*RESULTS@#All patients successfully completed the operation and manual treatment for 4 to 8 times. Among the 29 cases, 23 patients were followed up for more than 6 months. There was no spinal cord and nerve root injury during the treatment and follow-up. Operation time was from 80 to 120 min with a median of 90 min;intraoperative blood loss was from 35 to 80 ml with a median of 50 ml. NDI, VAS of neck, shoulder and arm each period after operation were significantly lower than those before PECD(P<0.05), while there were no significant improvement in cervical physiological curvature and target segment intervertebral space height(P>0.05);there was no significant change in interbody stability (P>0.05). After received the manual therapy, NDI significantly decreased (P<0.05), however, there was no significant difference in VAS of neck, shoulder and arm, physiological curvature of cervical spine and intervertebral space height of target segment compared with that before manual treatment (P>0.05);there was no significant change in interbody stability (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Manual therapy combined with PECD in the treatment of intractable cervical spondylotic radiculopathy can not only quickly improve the symptoms, but also alleviate the residual symptoms after PECD safely and effectively, and can not cause obvious signs of accelerated instability of cervical adjacent segments in the short term.

Comparison of efficacy of ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation combined with ethanol ablation versus radiofrequency ablation for benign cystic solid thyroid nodules / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the difference of radiofrequency ablation combined with ethanol ablation and radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of benign cystic solid thyroid nodule.Methods:A total of 80 patients who visited the Thyroid Surgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2015 to July 2018 were selected. All selected patients are required to meet the following criteria: (1)Color doppler ultrasonography of the neck revealed a cystic solid thyroid nodule greater than 20 mm in diameter. (2) The results of fine needle aspiration cytology of thyroid nodules were benign. (3)The patients is to undergo radiofrequency ablation of thyroid nodule. According to the condition and patients′ wishes, radiofrequency ablation (Group A, n=40) and combined ethanol and radiofrequency ablation(Group B, n=40) were performed respectively to observe the changes of nodule volume and maximum diameter at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery.The difference of intraoperative radiofrequency ablation energy, postoperative complications and patient satisfaction at 12 months after operation were also observed. The respective clinical effects of the two groups and the difference of curative effects between the two groups were analyzed. Two-factor repeated measurement analysis of variance or independent sample t test was used to compare the measurement data in line with normal distribution between groups. Friedman′s rank sum test was used for comparison of measurement data groups that did not conform to normal distribution, and Bonferroni correction was used for pairwise comparison. Chi-square test was used to compare the counting data between groups. Results:On the 12th months after operation, the volume reduction of of nodules in group B was greater than that of group A, and the difference was statistically significant[(7.0±5.1) mL vs (5.5±4.9) mL, P<0.05]. The maximum diameter reduction of nodules in group B was greater than that of group A and the difference was statistically significant [(1.5±0.6) cm vs (1.4±0.8) cm, P<0.05]. During the period of 6 to 12 months after operation, the trend of nodular shrinkage in group B was more obvious than that in group A ( P<0.05). The radiofrequency ablation energy of group was lower than that of group A, and the difference was statistically significant [(2.37±1.18) kJ vs (3.89±1.17) kJ, P<0.05]. Voice reduction occurred in 2 cases and recovered within 2 weeks.Local bleeding occurred in 1 case during the operation, which was stopped after ablation. There was no statistical significance in the satisfaction of patients in group A and group B (87.5% vs 90%, P>0.05). Conclusion:Compared with radiofrequency ablation, radiofrequency ablation combined with ethanol ablation for benign cystic solid thyroid nodules can achieve better nodule reduction effect and reduce the ablation energy.

Autophagic activity of piperine on small intestine in dementia model mice with Parkinson's disease / 中国中药杂志

This article is to investigate the effect of piperine on the small intestine of mice with Parkinson's disease with dementia(PDD). Ninety-six C57 BL/6 mice of SPF grade were randomly divided into 8 groups(male, 12 in each group): normal group, model group, autophagy inhibitor group(6-amino-3-methylpurine, 3 MA, 30 mg·kg~(-1)), autophagy activator group(rapamycin, 1 mg·kg~(-1)), low, medium, and high dose piperine groups(10, 20, 40 mg·kg~(-1)), and medopar group(112.5 mg·kg~(-1)). Except for the normal group, mice in each group were injected subcutaneously with reserpine(0.1 mg·kg~(-1)) once every 48 hours for 40 days. In addition, on the 20 th day of administration, except for the normal group, the mice in the other groups were subjected to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion to finally prepare PDD models. At the same time, each group was given the corresponding drug treatment once a day for 40 days. After the last administration, the behavioral changes of mice were observed by autonomic activity experiment and hot plate experiment. The expression levels of α-synuclein(α-syn) and tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) in the small intestine were detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of beclin-1, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 B(LC3 B) and p62 in the small intestine were detected by immunofluorescence assay. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the pathological morphology of small intestine tissues in each group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was adopted for detection of β-amyloid precursor protein(APP), p-tau, acetylcholine transferase(ChAT), interleukin-6(IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in small intestine. Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of α-syn, TH, beclin-1, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3), and p62 mRNA and mmu-miR-99 a-5 p in the small intestine. The results of this study showed that, as compared with the model group, the number of activities, the expression levels of ChAT, TH, and p62 were significantly increased in the 3 MA group, the various piperine dose groups, and the medopar group(P<0.05), and their first foot licking time was shortened; APP, p-tau, IL-6, TNF-α, α-syn, beclin-1, LC3 B and mmu-miR-99 a-5 p expression levels were significantly reduced(P<0.05). However, as compared with the model group, the number of activities, ChAT, TH, and p62 expression levels in the rapamycin group were significantly reduced(P<0.05), and the APP, p-tau, IL-6, TNF-α, α-syn, beclin-1, LC3 B and mmu-miR-99 a-5 p expression levels were significantly increased(P<0.05). As compared with the 3 MA group, the number of activities, ChAT, TH, and p62 expression levels were significantly reduced in the low and medium dose piperine groups and rapamycin group(P<0.05); howe-ver, their first foot licking time was significantly prolonged, APP, p-tau, IL-6, TNF-α, α-syn, beclin-1, LC3 B and mmu-miR-99 a-5 p expression levels were increased significantly(P<0.05). As compared with the medopar group, the number of activities, ChAT, TH, and p62 expression levels were significantly reduced in low dose piperine group and rapamycin group(P<0.05), but their first foot licking time was significantly extended, and APP, p-tau, IL-6, TNF-α, α-syn, beclin-1, LC3 B and mmu-miR-99 a-5 p expression levels were significantly increased(P<0.05). In addition, as compared with the normal group, the small intestinal epithelial cells of the model group and the rapamycin group were shed off a lot, with severe damages of intestinal mucosa as well as edema and shedding of the small intestine villi. After administration of the therapeutic interventions, the small intestinal epithelial cells of the 3 MA group, each dose group of piperine, and the medopa group were slightly damaged and the villi were slightly shed off. In summary, piperine has a protective effect on the small intestine of PDD model mice, showing reduced expression of mmu-miR-99 a-5 p, pro-inflammatory factors and autophagy factors, and the mechanism of slowing PDD pathological symptoms may be related to the inhibition of autophagy.

The connection between the night pain of patients with rotator cuff tears and circadian clock / 医学研究生学报

Patients with rotator cuff tears often have repeated irregular neck and shoulder pain, and all of them are aggravated at night. The patient is very painful and cannot suffer from lateral position. Most of them cannot or do not do the exercises such as stretching the elbow and bending the arm, which seriously affect sleep. Numerous studies have shown that in addition to inflammation, the two-way interaction to the circadian clock, the circadian clock also regulated many aspects of the immune system. And the mechanism of night pain caused by rotator cuff injury was related to factors such as inflammation of the acromion sac. This suggests that the night pain of rotator cuff tears may have a circadian rhythm. This article mainly reviews the mechanism of night pain caused by rotator cuff tears.

Expression and significance of CD64 on monocyte subsets from patients with rheumatoid arthritis / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the expression of CD64 on monocyte subset from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its significance and to clarify its role in the development of RA.Methods:The peripheral blood from 44 patients and 22 healthy controls (HC)were collected,the proportions of each monocyte subset and the CD64 expression on monocyte subsets were detected by flow cytometry.The proportions of each monocyte subset and the expression of TIGIT on monocyte subsets were compared between RA patients and HC.The correlations of CD64 expression on monocyte subsets with laboratory index were analyzed.The data were statistically analyzed.Results:(1)The proportion of intermediate monocytes in patients with RA was significantly higher than that in healthy volunteers (P＜0.01),while the proportion of classical and nonclassical monocytes in patients with RA was significantly lower than that in healthy volunteers (P＜0.05).(2) The expression of CD64 (MFI) on monocyte subsets were significantly elevated in RA patients compared to healthy volunteers (P＜0.05).(3)The expression of CD64 on classical monocytes and intermediate monocytes were positively correlated with DAS28 score (rs =0.308,P =0.044;rs =0.302,P =0.049).(4) The expression of CD64 (MFI) on monocyte subsets were positively correlated with ESR and CRP (rs =0.410,P=0.008;rs =0.475,P=0.003;rs =0.448,P=0.003;rs =0.473,P =0.004;rs =0.348,P =0.026;rs =0.340,P =0.042).(5) The expression of CD64 on classical monocytes and intermediate monocytes were significantly increased in patients with positive RF and ACPA respectively (P＜0.05).(6)The RA patients with high levels of CD64 on intermediate monocytes exhibited significantly higher levels of IL-6 compared with the RA patients with low levels of D64 on intermediate monocytes (P＜0.05).Conclusion:In RA,the expression of CD64.on monocyte subsets are elevated,and the expression of CD64 on classical monocytes and intermediate monocytes associated with the inflammatory markers,the production of antibodies and the disease activity.In addition,the expression of CD64 on intermediate monocytes associated with cytokine.

Clinical value of serum long non-coding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis / 中华传染病杂志

Objective To detect the serum level of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA ) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients ,and to evaluate its diagnostic value .Methods The expression of serum MALAT1 in 56 hospitalized TB patients , 35 latent TB infection (LTBI) individuals and 40 healthy controls were detected by real-time quantitative PCR .Serum levels of MALAT1 before and 3 ,6 months after anti-TB therapy in 16 TB patients were determined .Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of serum MALAT 1 .The comparison between two groups was performed by Student t-test , and the comparison among three groups was performed with one-way analysis of variance test .Results Serum level of MALAT1 in TB patients was (2 .10 ± 1 .05) ,which was significantly higher than those in LTBI individuals (1 .16 ± 0 .51) and healthy controls (1 .02 ± 0 .44 ,F= 28 .53 ,P< 0 .01) .The MALAT1 level in TB patients with positive sputum smear was significantly higher than that in patients with negative sputum smear (2 .42 ± 1 .03 vs 1 .43 ± 0 .74 ,t= 2 .66 ,P< 0 .01) .Compared with pre-treatment (2 .28 ± 0 .79) ,the serum MALAT 1 levels decreased significantly in 3 months (1 .35 ± 0 .39) and 6 months (1 .05 ± 0 .30) after anti-TB therapy (t= 4 .33 ,6 .05 ;both P< 0 .01) .The area under the curve (AUC) of serum MALAT1 was 0 .821 , with sensitivity and specificity of 0 .732 and 0 .850 , respectively .Conclusion The expression of MALAT1 is up-regulated in TB patients , and could be used as potential novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of TB .

Analysis of electric shock protection requirements for IVD diagnostic equipment in IEC 61010-1:2010 / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To study the electric shock protection requirements of in vitro diagnostic equipment and to help manufacturers understand the relevant requirements in order to design products reasonably. Methods The requirements of IEC 61010-1:2010 were analyzed, the electric shock protection measures were explored, and the principles for protecting ground impedance against electric shock were described. An example was taken to study the electric shock protection measures for the sampling needle of the automatic bio-chemical analyzer, so that the existence of electric shock hazard could be determined. Results The sampling needle proved its rationality in structure design by avoiding the risk for being electriferous in case of failed basic insulation, although the requirements for protective earthing, double insulation or reinforced insulation were not met efficiently. Conclusion The requirements for electric shock protection can be determined based on comprehensive understanding of the standard, determination of electriferous components of the equipment as well as analysis on electric shock protection measures.

Expression profile of circular RNA in LPS-treated murine peritoneal macrophages / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To analyze the expression profile of circular RNA (circRNA) in LPS-treated murine peritoneal macrophages (MPMs) and to investigate the effects of mmu_circ_0000790 (circ790) on the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in MPMs following LPS stimulation.Methods MPMs were isolated from C57BL/6 male mice and then stimulated with (LPS treatment group) or without (blank control group) 1 mg/L of LPS for 12 hours.Supernatants of cell culture and cell pellets were collected from each group.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the changes in the secretion of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in the supernatants.Expression profile of circRNA in macrophages from the two groups (n=3) was analyze by circRNA microarray.Some differentially expressed circRNAs were validated by real-time PCR (RT-PCR).Moreover,RT-PCR was also performed to detect the expression of circ790 in MPMs after LPS stimulation.Small interfering RNA (siRNA) oligo specific for circ790 was designed and synthesized.Then the synthesized siRNA oligo and normal control (NC) oligo were transfected into MPMs by LipofectamineTM2000.The transfected MPMs were treated with LPS.ELISA was used to detect the levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in the supernatants.Arraystar's home-made microRNA target prediction software was used to predict circ790/microRNA.Results The concentrations of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in the LPS treatment group were significantly higher than those in the blank control group (P<0.01).These results indicated that the inflammatory model of MPMs was successfully constructed.Statistical differences in 34 differentially expressed circRNAs were found between the two groups (P<0.05).Among them,12 circRNAs were up-regulated and the other 22 circRNAs were down-regulated in the LPS treatment group.RT-PCR results were generally consistent with the microarray data.The expression of circ790 was increased by (1.94±0.15),(3.18±0.13) and (4.21±0.22) folds as compared with that of the blank control group at 3,6 and 12 h after LPS stimulation (P<0.05).After transfecting the MPMs with circ790-siRNA,the secretion of IL-6 was significantly decreased (P<0.05) without notable influence on the secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α.circ790 could function as a microRNA sponge to regulate the gene expression.Conclusion These data show a significantly altered circRNA expression profile in the LPS-treated MPMs.circ790 may be involved in the regulation of IL-6 secreted by macrophages.

Activated microglia transplantation improves the neural function following acute cerebral infarction in mice / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Microglia play an important role in immune surveillance in their quiescent state, but the role of the activated microglia is under discussion. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the mechanism of activated microglia in acute cerebral infarction. METHODS: Totally 96 male Kunming mice were selected and randomly divided into four groups, including transplantation, placebo, blank control and sham operation groups. Permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery was performed using suture method in the mice of the transplantation, placebo and blank control groups, followed by injection of microglia suspension via subclavian vein, medium containing the same volume of microglia, and nothing, respectively, at 12 hours after modeling. In the meanwhile, the same amount of microglia suspension was injected into the mice of the sham operation group. The Zea-longa scale and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression at 12, 24 and 72 hours after modeling, the volume of cerebral infarction and the number of nerve cells positive for microtubule-associated protein-2 at 72 hours after modeling were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The Zea-longa scale score was 0 point in the sham operation group, which was significantly lower than that in the other three groups at each time point after modeling (P < 0.01). The Zea-longa scores in the transplantation group were significantly lower than those in the placebo and blank control groups at 24 and 72 hours after transplantation (P < 0.01). The positive expression rate of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the transplantation group was significantly higher than that in the other three groups after transplantation (P < 0.01). The sham group showed no infarction, while the size of cerebral infarction in the transplantation group was significantly lower than that in the placebo and blank control groups (P < 0.01), and the microtubule-associated protein-2 positive rate was significantly higher than that in the placebo and blank control groups (P < 0.01). These results manifest that the activated microglia can improve the survival rate of nerve cells, promote the recovery of cerebral nerve function and reduce the size of cerebral infarction.

Expression and significance of T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory domains (TIGIT) on peripheral CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory domains (TIGIT) on peripheral CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its significance in order to clarify its role in the development of RA.Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from 81 patients with RA and 33 healthy controls (HC).Expression of TIGIT on the surface of peripheral blood leukocytes was detected by flow cytometry.Differences in TIGIT expression between RA and HC groups were comparatively analyzed.Correlations of TIGIT expression on CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells with several laboratory indexes were analyzed.All data were statistically analyzed.Results (1) The percentage of TIGIT-expressing CD3+ T cells in patients with RA was significantly higher than that in HC (P<0.01).Moreover, the median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of TIGIT on CD3+ T cells was significantly elevated in patients with RA as compared with that in HC (P<0.01).No significant difference in the expression of TIGIT on B cells, monocytes or neutrophils was observed between RA and HC groups.(2) The percentages of TIGIT-expressing CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells were significantly elevated in patients with RA as compared with those in HC (P<0.01).Moreover, the MFI of TIGIT on CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells were significantly elevated in patients with RA as compared with those in HC (P<0.01).(3) The percentages of both TIGIT-expressing CD4+ T cells and TIGIT-expressing CD8+ T cells in patients with RA were positively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (rs=0.355, P<0.01;rs=0.277, P=0.013).(4) The percentages of both TIGIT-expressing CD4+ T cells and TIGIT-expressing CD8+ T cells in patients with RA were positively correlated with rheumatoid factor (RF) (rs=0.265, P=0.017;rs=0.366, P<0.01).The MFI of TIGIT on CD4+ T cells was positively correlated with RF in RA group (rs=0.226, P=0.043).The percentage of TIGIT-expressing CD4+ T cells was positively correlated with anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibody in patients with RA who were positive for anti-CCP antibody (rs=0.324, P=0.012).(5) The percentage of TIGIT-expressing CD4+ T cells as well as the MFI of TIGIT on CD4+ T cells in patients with RA was positively correlated with Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS28) (r=0.232, P=0.038;r=0.343, P<0.010).Conclusion The expression of TIGIT on T cells is elevated in patients with RA and correlated with inflammatory markers, antibody production and disease activity.

Differential expression profile of long non-coding RNA in the lipopolysaecharide-induced inflammation of monocyte-derived macrophages / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective To analyze the expression profile of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in the lipopolysaecharide (LPS)-induced inflammation of monocyte-derived macrophages.Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were derived from healthy donor and induced into macrophages. The macrophages were divided into blank control group and LPS (1 mg/L) stimulated 12 hours group. Culture supernatants and cell pellets were harvested in each group, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assay the production changes of interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the supernatant. The technique of lncRNA microarray was used to test the lncRNA expression profile in LPS-induced inflammation of macrophages and control macrophages. The raw data of lncRNA were pretreated for normalization. Five lncRNA expressions were validated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Furthermore, qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of NR_028034 in macrophages after LPS-induced inflammation.Results ① The contents of IL-1β (ng/L:562.93±61.17 vs. 59.74±15.68), IL-6 (ng/L: 702.46±92.31 vs. 71.66±18.25) and TNF-α (ng/L: 794.50±63.89 vs. 85.12±22.07) in the LPS group were significantly higher than those in the blank control group (allP < 0.01). These results indicated that the inflammatory model of human macrophages was constructed successfully. ② Compared with blank control group, and 1479 lncRNA which have more than 2 folds variation and significant difference (P < 0.05) by statistical analysis was defined as lncRNA with differential expression. Among these lncRNA, LPS group showed 953 up- regulated and 526 down- regulated genes by 2 folds and 49 up- regulated and 35 down- regulated genes by 5 folds. ③ qRT-PCR results were generally consistent with the microarray data. ④ The expression of NR_028034 was increased by (4.41±0.65), (11.56±2.04), (18.58±1.36) folds compared with blank control group at 3, 6, 12 hours after LPS stimulation (allP < 0.01).Conclusions These data show a significantly altered lncRNA expression profile in the LPS-induced inflammation of monocyte-derived macrophages, suggesting that lncRNA may be involved in regulation of macrophages inflammatory response.

Correlation analysis between position of head, cervical curvature classification and balance of cervical spine through lateral plain radiograph measurement / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the relationship between position of head, cervical curvature type and associated cervical balance parameters in a neutral looking-forward posture.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cervical lateral X-rays of 60 patients with cervical spondylosis were selected from January to December 2015. There were 22 males and 38 females with an average age of (35.5±10.9) years old. The measured parameters included cervical curvature type, McGregor slope, C2 lower end plate slope, T1 slope, center of gravity to C7 sagittal vertical offset (CG-C7 SVA), and C2 to C7 sagittal vertical offset (C2-C7 SVA). The parameters were analyzed using Spearman correlation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cervical curvature type was significantly correlated with C2 lower endplate slope, C0-C2 angle (total degree of C2 lower endplate slope plus McGregor slope), CG-C7 SVA and T1 slope (<0.05), but it was not significantly correlated McGregor slope (>0.05). C2 lower endplate slope and C2-C7 SVA (r=0.87) were significantly (<0.05) correlated with CG-C7 SVA (<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There was certain some relationship among position of head, cervical curvature type and associated cervical balance parameters in a neutral looking-forward posture. The center of gravity of the head would backwards shift following faced upward. A position of extension with posterior-shifting of the head would suggest that it may be accompanied with a relatively normal lordosis of the cervical spine. Some patients with abnormal curvature showed slightly bended head in the natural posture. Health education toward these people would be meaningful to restore the balance of their neck.</p>

Effects of lincRNA-cox2 on the polarization of murine RAW264. 7 macrophages / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of lincRNA-cox2 on the polarization of murine RAW264. 7 macrophages by analyzing the expression of lincRNA-cox2 in RAW264. 7 macrophages of M1 and M2 phenotypes. Methods Murine RAW264. 7 cells were induced by IFN-γand LPS to polarize to M1 phenotype, and were induced by IL-4 to polarize to M2 phenotype. The expression of lincRNA-cox2 in M1 and M2 macrophages were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR ( RT-PCR) . We designed and synthesized siRNA oligo for lincRNA-cox2 and unrelated sequences. Then the siRNA oligo and NC oligo were transfected into RAW264. 7 cells by LipofectmineTM 2000. The transfected RAW264. 7 cells were induced by IFN-γand LPS or by IL-4 to polarize to M1 or M2 macrophages. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) was performed to measure the secretion of IL-10 and IL-12 induced in different conditions. The expression of in-ducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS ) , TNF-α, arginase 1 ( Arg-1 ) and found in inflammatory zone 1 (Fizz1) at mRNA level were detected by RT-PCR. The M1 macrophages were transfected with siRNAs to knock down the expression of lincRNA-cox2 for analyzing the biological effects of lincRNA-cox2 on the polar-ization of macrophages. Results The relative expression of lincRNA-cox2 in M1 macrophages was signifi-cantly higher than that in RAW264. 7 cells and M2 macrophages. Compared with the control group, the RAW264. 7 cells transfected with lincRNA-cox2-siRNA showed decreased secretion of IL-12 and inhibited expression of iNOS and TNF-αat mRNA level after IFN-γand LPS induction, but increased secretion of IL-10 and enhanced expression of Arg1 and Fizz1 at mRNA level after IL-4 induction. Transfecting the M1 mac-rophages with lincRNA-cox2-siRNA inhibited the secretion of IL-12, but promoted the secretion of IL-10. Conclusion This study indicated that lincRNA-cox2 was involved in the regulation of macrophage pheno-types by promoting the polarization to M1 macrophages and inhibiting the polarization to M2 macrophages.

Effects of IL-1β on expression of AQP4 and its role in attack of seizure / 实用医学杂志

Objective To observe the effects of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) induced acute epilepsy and the dynamic expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in hippocampus. To explore the role of IL-1β in the pathogenesis of epilepsy by regulating AQP4. Methods All rats were randomly divided into control group, IL-1β group, PTZ group, IL-1ra + PTZ group and dexamethasone + PTZ group. Observe the behavior of the rats within 60 minutes after injection and record seizure score in each group. Then immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR were used to detect the expression of AQP4 at at 6 , 12, 24 and 36 h. Results Almost of rats in IL-1β group and PTZ group showed severe degree seizure. The rats in control group and dexamethasone + PTZ group showed no obvious seizure. The seizure of rats were more remarkable serious in PTZ group than that in the IL-1ra + pentylenetetrazole group (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR Show: the expression of AQP4 in hippocampus in PTZ group increased gradually after 12 h (P < 0.05), then reached in the peak after 24 h (P < 0.001). The expression of AQP4 in IL-1ra + PTZ group was lower compare with PTZ group in each time (P < 0.05). Although the expression of AQP4 in dexamethasone + PTZ group higher than the control group, it was not significantly different (P < 0.05). Conclusion The proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β break the balance of water in brain and increasing the concentration of extracellular excitatory amino acids or ions by upregulate the expression of AQP4 in order to promote the excitatory of neurons.

Effect of HBP-A on meniscal injury and pathological hypertrophy and calcification of the meniscus / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of HBP-A on meniscal injuries and the expressions of genes associated with pathological hypertrophy and calcification of the meniscusinduced by abnormal loading.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Bovine meniscus explants were subjected to 25% strain at 0.3 Hz for 3 h and treated with 0.6 mg/mL of HBP-A. The cell viability in the meniscus explants after 72 hin culture was determined using live/dead staining and the expression levels of genes associated with pathological hypertrophy and calcification of the meniscus (ANKH, ENPP1, ALP, MMP13, and IL-1) were measured using real-time PCR and Western blotting. The conditioned medium was collected for testing sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) release.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The number of dead cells, loss of proteoglycan content, and the expressions of ANKH, ENPP1, ALP and MMP13, and IL-1 at both the mRNA and protein levels were all significantly lower in the meniscus explants treated with 0.6 mg/mL HBP-A than in the explants with only 25% abnormal pressure stimulation (n=3, P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HBP-A can effectively alleviate meniscal injuries induced by abnormal loading and suppress the expressions of genes related with pathological hypertrophy and calcification of the meniscus, and can serve as a potential drug for treatment of knee osteoarthritis.</p>

Application of mechanical measurement in assessment of neck pain and manual therapy / 中国骨伤

Manual therapy is one of the effective methods in treating neck pain. It has certain advantages in the short term to ease the symptoms of neck pain. In recent years, using different mechanical sensors and imaging equipment with computer software, the researchers found the difference of cervical activity between health adult and patients with neck pain. They also analyzed the kinematics, magnitude of force, stress and strain of the related structure and other mechanical parameters during cervical manipulation. These biomechanical researches revealed the functional anomaly caused by neck pain, reflect the safety of cervical manipulation, explain the abnormal stress of neck pain and the adjusting role of manipulation. Relatively speaking, these studies are too basic, and their analysis also are limited for the stress and strain about internal tissue. Study to aim directly at above problems will have important significance in understanding neck pain and standardizing manipulation therapy.

Inhibitory effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells against proliferation and invasion of human renal cell carcinoma A498 cells / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To study the inhibitory effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on the proliferation and invasion of human renal cell carcinoma cell line A498. Methods Human renal cell carcinoma cell line A498 cells were co-cultured with BM-MSCs or human dermal fibroblasts-adult (HDF-a) cells separately, and then cell proliferation was detected by flow cytometry and cell invasion ability was detected by transwell assay in each group. qRT-PCR was used to exam Snail and E-cadherin mRNA expression in A498 cells, HDF-a-treated A498 cells and BM-MSCs-treated A498 cells. Results BM-MSCs greatly inhibited the proliferation and invasion of A498 cells (P<0. 05). qRT-PCR showed that co-culture with BM-MSCs significantly down-regulated Snail mRNA expression (P <0. 05) and up-regulated E-cadherin mRNA expression (P<0. 05) in A498 cells. Compared with BM-MSCs, HDF-a played an opposite role as for the above items. Conclusion BM-MSCs play an important role in the proliferation and invasion of LNCaP cells, which may cast new light for the biotherapy of human renal cell carcinoma cancer.

Biomechanics applied in traditional Chinese traumatology manipulation for treating cervical spine diseases / 医用生物力学

Traditional Chinese traumatology manipulation (TCTM) has some prominent advantage for treating cervical spine diseases in clinic, thus the biomechanical research on TCTM could possess important clinical and theoretical significance. The studies on biomechanical mechanism of TCTM for treating cervical spine diseases in recent years were reviewed from various aspects, and biomechanical issuessuch as the force measurement of TCTM, the different operation types of TCTM (i.e. tendon-soothing maneuver, bone setting manipulation), the TCTM effect on cervical tissues (i.e. vertebral body, intervertebral discs, muscles, blood vessels) were also investigated, trying to provide some biomechanics theoretical evidence and guidance for treating cervical spine diseases with TCTM in clinic.

Construction of a human cervical spine with bilateral vertebral artery fluid-solid coupling model / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct a human cervical spine with bilateral vertebral artery fluid-solid coupling model.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Helical CT images under the principle of reverse engineering and meshed in finite element model（FEM） related software were used to establish a human cervical spine with bilateral vertebral artery fluid-solid coupling model. In the process of modeling of vertebral body, vertebral artery, ligament, intervertebral disc, cartilage and endplate large anatomic data and cadaver experiments results were referenced. From the morphology and function the simulation of model with real physiological status was tested.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The study showed that the stress concentration on the surface of vertebral body and the blood wall of the bilateral vertebral artery, and the result of the volume flow rate-time curve of bilateral vertebral artery of the model were consistent with the published literatures. This model was well consistent with the clinical phenomenon.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The three-dimensional FEM of the human cervical spine established by the introduced method has been effectively verified. The modeling method would provide a new tool for research on the cervical spine biomechanics.</p>

Development of Chinese version vertigo symptom scale (VSS): reliability and validity / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a Chinese version of Vertigo Symptom Scale (VSS-C) and to examine its reliability and validity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The VSS was translated into Chinese and developed a Chinese version VSS (VSS-C) with the consent of the author. The VSS-C scale was tested in 52 subjects with cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type (CSA group) and 21 healthy subjects (control group). In CSA group VSS-C scale and SF-36 scale investigation was performed for 2 times with 1 week interval, after receiving 1-week orthopedic rehabilitation the patients were evaluated with the VSS-C and SF-36 scale; while subjects in control group received the investigation twice in two weeks. The reliability of the scale was evaluated with Cronbach's alpha method and the correlation between SF-36 scale and the VSS-C were also evaluated for the validity.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The internal consistency of VSS-C was good with Cronbach's alpha of 0.886. Test-retest reliability was also very good with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between two time points, being 0.970 for VSS-C, 0.965 for VSS-AA and 0.992 for the VSS-VER. Regarding concurrent validity, significant low correlation was found between the VSS-AA and VSS-VER (r=0.379, P<0.05). Significant expected correlation was detected between the VSS-C and SF-36 (r>0.5, P<0.05) . The independent-samples t test results (t=6.261, P<0.01) of the CSA group and the control group showed that the VSS-C was able to distinguish healthy people from CSA patients. The paired-samples t test results (t=5.513, P<0.01) showed that VSS-C reflected the improvement of patients after treatment of Chinese massage manipulation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The Chinese version of VSS has a high comprehensibility, internal consistency and validity, and it can be a useful instrument for evaluation of patients with cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type in China.</p>